Apa Style Guide

APA Publication Manual Crib Sheet This document is a summary of rules from the APA Publication Manual 5th Edition. For Further Information call down APA Writing Style at http//www. apastyle. org June 2008 APA STYLE GUIDE 5th Edition APA requires a hanging indent for its extensions. Also, PLEASE BE SURE TO DOUBLE plaza CITATIONS. For space saving reasons, the citations below atomic occur 18 single spaced. APA requires double spacing of citations. Citation Rules A. haves Typical book entry single rootage Arnheim, R. (1971). Art and optical perception. Berkeley University of California Press.Publishing study Spell discover the publishing name of associations and university presses, but omit superfluous terms such as Publishers, Co. , or Inc. If two or much locations be given, give the location listed set-backly or the publishers home office. When the publisher is a university and the name of the state (or province) is acknowledged in the university name, do non repeat the name of the state/province in the publisher location. When the beginning and publisher be identical, implement the word Author as the name of the publisher. American Psychiatric knowledge. (1994).Diagnostic and statistical manual of genial disorders (4th ed. ). Washington, D. C. Author Multiple authors When a work has up to (and including) six authors, acknowledgment all authors. When a work has more(prenominal) than six authors cite the first six followed by et al. Festinger, L. , Riecken, H. , Schachter, S. (1956). When prophecy fails. Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press. Roeder, K. , Howdeshell, J. , Fulton, L. , Loch fountainhead, M. , Craig, K. , Peterson, R. , et. al. (1967). Nerve cells and insect behavior. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press. Corporate authorship Institute of Financial Education. 1982). Managing individualized funds. ChicagoMidwestern. noauthor identified Experimental psychology. (1938). New York Holt. Citing items in an anthology/ch apter in edited book Rubenstein, J. P. (1967). The effect of television violence on scummy children. In B. F. Kane (Ed. ), Television and juvenile psychological development (pp. 112-134). New York American psychological Society. Reprinted or republished chapter Freud, S. (1961). The ego and the id. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans. ), The standard edition of the nab psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 19, pp. 3-66). London Hogarth Press. Original work published 1923) Following the entry, enclose Original work published in p arntheses, noting the original visualise. Chapter in a glitz in a series Maccoby, E. E. , Martin, J. (1983). Socialization in the con text edition edition edition of the family Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen (Series Ed. ) E. M. Hetherington (Vol. Ed. ), handbook of child psychology Vol. 4. Socialization, individualality, and social development (4th ed. , pp. 1-101). New York Wiley. Citing multivolume works Wilson, J. G. , Fraser, F. C. ( Eds. ). (1977-1978). Handbook of teratology (Vols. 1-4). New York Plenum Press.In listing a multivolume work, the takings dates should be inclusive for all volumes. The volumes should be identified, in parentheses, right away spare-time activity the book title. Do not utilization a period between the title and the parenthetical information close the entire title, including the volume information, with a period. Edited collections Higgins, J. (Ed. ). (1988). psychology. New York Norton. or Grice, H. P. , Gregory, R. L. (Eds. ). (1968). Early voice communication development. New York McGraw-Hill. Citing specific editions of a book Brockett, O. (1987). History of the theatre (5th ed. ). Boston Allyn and Bacon.Immediately later the books title, note the edition information in parentheses (for ensample, 5th ed. or rev. ed. ). Do not go for a period between the title and the parenthetical information. Translated works Freud, S. (1970) An show up livestock of psychoanalysis (J. Strachey, Trans. ). New York Norton. (Original work published 1940) The original publication date is the outlast portion of the entry and should be in parentheses with the note Original work published followed by the date. Proceedings Deci, E. L. , & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational commence to self Integration in personality. In R. Dienstbier (Ed. , Nebraska Symposium on Motivation Vol. 38. Perspectives on motivation (pp. 237-288). Lincoln University of Nebraska Press. or Cynx, J. , Williams, H. , & Nottebohm, F. (1992). Hemispheric diffences in avian verse discrimation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 89, 1372-1375. B. Journals Citing members in journals with continuous pagination Passons, W. (1967). Predictive validities of the ACT, SAT, and high school grades for first semester GPA and freshman courses. educational and Psychological Measurement, 27, 1143-1144. Citing articles in journals with non-continuous paginationSawyer, J. (1966). Measurement an d prediction, clinical and statistical. Psychological Bulletin, 66 (3), 178-200. Because pagination begins anew with distributively issue of this journal, it is necessary to include the issue account in parentheses after the volume number. Note that there is a comma between the issue number and the rascal amount, but no comma between the italized volume number and the issue number. If the periodical does not use volume numbers, include pp. before the rascal numbers so the reader will understand that the numbers summon to pagination. Use p. if the radical is a foliate r less long. Citing articles in monthly periodicals Chandler-Crisp, S. (1988, May) Aerobic physical composition a writing practice model. Writing research lab Newsletter, pp. 9-11. Citing articles in weekly periodicals Kauffmann, S. (1993, October 18). On films class consciousness. The New Republic, p. 30. News writing articles Monson, M. (1993, September 16). Urbana firm obstacle to office project. The Cha mpaign-Urbana News-Gazette, pp. A1,A8. No author identified Clinton puts human face on health-care plan. (1993, September 16). The New York Times, p. B1. Reprinted or republished articles Clark, G. & Zimmerman, E. (1988). Professional roles and activities as models for art education. In S. Dobbs (Ed. ), Research readings for discipline- found art education. Reston, VA NAEA. (Reprinted from Studies in Art Education, 19 (1986), 34-39. ) Following the entry, enclose Reprinted from in parentheses, noting the original publication information. Close with a period. ERIC Documents (Report available from the Educational Re seeds Information Center) Mead, J. V. (1992). Looking at old photographs Investigating the teacher tales that novice teachers bring with them (Report No. NCRTL-RR-92-4).East Lansing, MI National Center for Research on Teacher Learning. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED346082) C. Dissertations Dissertation obtained from Dissertation Abstracts International (DAI) Bo wer, D. L. (1993). Employee assistant programs supervisory referrals Characteristics of referring and non-referring supervisors. Dissertation Abstracts International, 54 (01), 534B. (UMI No. 9315947) Dissertation obtained from the university Ross, D. F. (1990). Unconscious transference and mistaken identity When a witness misidentifies a familiar but innocent person from a lineup (Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University, 1990).Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 417. Give the university and year of the dissertation as well as the volume and page numbers from the Dissertation Abstract International. D. Other Media Citing interviews Archer, N. (1993). Interview with Helen Burns, author of Sense and Perception. Journal of Sensory Studies, 21, 211-216. In this interpreter, the interview lacks a title, so a description of the interview is given in brackets. If the interview has a title, include the title (without reference marks) after the year, and then give a further descript ion in brackets if necessary.Unpublished interviews do not need a reference page entry because they are what the Publication Manual of the APA calls personal communications and so do not provide recoverable information. Here, the entry consists of the first initial and last name of the interviewee, the type of communication, and the date of the interview. (N. Archer, personal interview, October 11, 1993) Citing films or tapes Motion picture replaces Film and Videotape as a bracketed descriptor. Weir, P. B. (Producer), & Harrison, B. F. (Director). (1992). Levels of consciousness Motion picture. Boston, MA Filmways.Here, the main people responsible for the videotape are given, with their roles identified in parentheses after their name. After the title, the medium is identified (here, a motion picture). The distributors name and location comprises the last part of the entry. Citing recordings Writer, A. (Date of copyright). entitle of song Recorded by artist if different from wri ter. On Title of album Medium of recording CD, record, cassette, etc. . Location Label. (Recording date if different than copyright) McFerrin, Bobby (Vocalist). (1990). Medicine music Cassette Recording. Hollywood, CA EMI-USA.E. electronic Information The type of medium can be, but is not limited to the chase aggregated databases, online journals, Web sites or Web pages, newsgoups, Web- or e-mail based discussion groups or Web or e-mail based newsletters. pagination in electronic references is unavailable in some cases, thus left out of the citation. The APA Manual has a short sectionalisation demonstrating the format for electronic references on pp. 268-281. For other examples, visit http//www. apastyle. org/elecref. html Citing computer software Arend, Dominic N. (1993). Choices (Version 4. 0) Computer software.Champaign, IL U. S. Army corps of Engineers Research Laboratory. (CERL Report No. CH7-22510) If an individual(s) has proprietary rights to the software, their name(s) a re listed at the head of the entry, last names first, followed by a period. Otherwise, treat such references as unauthored. Do not italize the title. Specify in brackets that the address is computer software, program or language. List the location and the organizations name that produced the program. Add any other necessary information for finding the program (in this example, the cut across number) in parentheses at the entrys conclusion.To reference a manual, follow the aforesaid(prenominal) as above but add manual as the source in the bracketed information. Do not add a period at the end of a citation if it ends in a web address. Full-Text Database (i. e. , book, magazine, newspaper article or report) The second date which follows is the date the user retrieved the material. No period follows an earnings Web address. Schneiderman, R. A. (1997). Librarians can make sense of the Net. San Antonio Business Journal, 11, 58+. Retrieved January 27, 1999, from EBSCO Masterfile datab ase. oblige in an Internet-only journal Kawasaki, J. L. , Raven, M. R. 1995). Computer-administered surveys in extension. Journal of Extension, 33, 252-255. Retrieved June 2, 1999, from http//joe. org/joe/index. html Article in an Internet-only newsletter Waufton, K. K. (1999, April). Dealing with anthrax. Telehealth News, 3(2). Retrieved December 16, 2000, from http//www. telehearlth. net/subscribe/newslettr_5b. html1 Internet technical or research reports University of California, San Francisco, Institute for Health and Aging. (1996, November). Chronic care in America A 21st century challenge. Retrieved September 9, 2000, from the Robert Wood root word Web site http//www. wjf. org/library/chrcare Document created by private organization, no page numbers, no date Greater Hattiesburg Civic Awareness Group, Task soldiery on Sheltered Programs. (n. d. ). Fund- pinnacle efforts. Retrieved November 10, 2001, from http//www. hattiesburgcag. org Sometimes authors are not identified, a nd there is no date showing for the document. Date website was accessed should be used and efforts should be made to identify the sponsoring author/organization of the website. If none is found, do not list an author. Document from university program or department McNeese, M. N. (2001).Using technology in educational settings. Retrieved October 13, 2001, from University of Southern Mississippi, Educational Leadership and Research Web site http//www-dept. usm. edu/eda/ E-Mail, newsgroups, online forums, discussion groups and electronic mailing lists Personal communications, which are not archived, should not included in reference lists and cited deep down the text only Smith, Fred (personal communication, January 21, 1999) Citations Within Text Use of Authors Names In APA style, only the authors last name is used in the document as a whole and within in-text citations in particular.If the authors name is mentioned in the text Most often, an authors last name appears in the text with the date of publication immediately pursual in parentheses Bolles (2000) provides a practical, detailed prelude to phone line hunting. If the authors name is not mentioned in the text When the authors name does not appear in the text itself, it appears in the parenthetical citation followed by a comma and the date of publication Interactive fiction permits readers to move freely through a text and to participate in its authorship (Bolter, 2001).Note If you cite the same source a second time within a paragraph, the year of publication may be omitted. If there are two authors When a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the source is cited in the text Katzenbach and Smith (1993) define a team as a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, surgical process goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable (p. 45).If the authors names appear in the text itself, connect the names with the word and however, if the authors names appear parenthetically, connect the names with an ampersand () A team is defined as a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable (Katzenbach Smith, 1993, p. 45). If there are three, four, or five authorsWhen you cite for the first time a work with three, four, or five authors, cite all authors Cogdill, Fanderclai, Kilborn, and Williams (2001) argue that making backchannel overtly available for study would require making its presence and content visible and its content persist, affecting the nature of the backchannel and raising social and ethical issues (p. 109). (Again, if the authors names appear parenthetically rather than in the text itself, connect the final two names with a comma and an ampersand). In all subsequent citations, include only the name of the first author followed by et al. the abbreviation for the Latin ph rase meaning and others) Cogdill et al. (2001) assert that backchannel is multithreaded, substantial, and governed by many social conventions (p. 109). Again, if the authors names appear parenthetically rather than in the text itself, connect the final two names with a comma and an ampersand. If there are six or more authors If a work has six or more authors, cite the last name of the first author followed by et al. in all citations Adkins et al. (2001) studied the use of collaborative technology during a multinational, civil-military exercise. If two authors have the same last nameIf a document includes sources by two authors with the same last name, include the first and middle initial of each author in all text citations R. P. Allen (1994) and D. N. Allen (1998) have both studied the effects of netmail monitoring in the workplace. If two or more sources are cited When citing two or more sources by different authors within the same citation, place the authors names in parentheses in alphabetical order, followed by the year of publication and separated by a semicolon Hypertext significantly changes the process of information retrieval (Bolter 2001 Bush, 1945 Landow 1997).If no author is identified If no author is identified, use an abbreviated title instead, followed by the date. Use extension marks around article or chapter titles, and underline book, periodical, brochure, and report titles The use of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems has grown substantially over the past five years as companies attempt to adapt to customer inescapably and to improve their profitability (Making CRM Work). Placement of Citations for Quoted MaterialSpecific page numbers for paraphrased or quoted material appear within the parenthetical citation following the abbreviation for page (p. ). The location of the parenthetical citation for a quote depends upon the placement of quoted material within the sentence * If the quotation appears in midsentence, insert the fin al quotation mark, followed by the parenthetical citation then complete the sentence. Branscomb (1998) argues that its a good idea to lurk (i. e. read all the messages without contributing anything) for a few weeks, to see to it that you dont break any of the rules of netiquette (p. 7) when you join a listserv. * If the quotation appears at the end of the sentence, insert the final quotation mark, followed by the parenthetical citation and the end punctuation Branscomb (1998) argues that when you join a listserv, its a good idea to lurk (i. e. , read all the messages without contributing anything) for a few weeks, to ensure that you dont break any of the rules of netiquette (p. 7). If the quotation is long (40 lyric or more), it should be formatted as a block quotation, and the parentheses should appear after the final punctuation mark Bolles (2000) argues that the most effective job hunting method is what he calls the creative job hunting approach figuring out your best skills, and favorite knowledges, and then researching any employer that interests you, before approach path that organization and arranging, through your contacts, to see the person there who has the power to hire you for the position you are interested in.This method, faith plenteousy followed, leads to a job for 86 out of every 100 job-hunters who try it. (57) Citing Electronic Sources See http//www. apastyle. org for additional information * Sample reference Page (Next Page) The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed. , 2001) provides a comprehensive reference guide to writing using APA style, organization, and content. To order a copy of the Publication Manual online, go to http//www. apa. org/books/4200060. html. To view PDF documents referenced on this APA Style Essentials page, you need Adobe Acrobat Reader.To download the free Acrobat Reader, go to http//www. adobe. com/products/acrobat/readstep2. html. The purpose of this document is to provide a common core of elements of APA style that all members of an faculty member department can adopt as minimal standards for any assignment that specifies APA style. This Web document is itself not a model of APA style. For an example of a complete article formatted according to APA style, go to http//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedfiles/faculty/ddegelman/prayer. pdf. For an example of an undergraduate research proposal, go to http//www. anguard. edu/uploadedfiles/faculty/ddegelman/psychproposal. pdf. To download a Microsoft Word template of an APA-style paper, go to http//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/ energy/DDegelman/psychapa. doc I. General Document Guidelines A. Margins One inch on all sides (top, bottom, left, right) B. Font Size and Type 12-pt. font (Times Roman or Courier are acceptable typefaces) C. Line Spacing Double-space throughout the paper, including the title page, abstract, body of the document, references, appendixes, footnotes, tables, and figure captions. D.Spacing after Punctuation Space once after all punctuation. This includes using one space (not two ) following punctuation marks at the ends of sentences. E. Alignment Flush left (creating uneven right margin) F. Paragraph Indentation 5-7 spaces G. Pagination The page number appears one inch from the right edge of the paper on the first line of every page (except Figures), beginning with the title page H. Manuscript Page Header The first two or three words of the paper title appear five spaces to the left of the page number on every page (except Figures), beginning with the title page.Manuscript page headers are used to identify ms pages during the editorial process. Using most word processors, the manuscript page header and page number can be inserted into a header, which then automatically appears on all pages. I. Active voice As a general rule, use the active voice rather than the passive voice. For example, use We predicted that rather than It was predicted that J. Order of PagesTi tle Page, Abstract, Body, References, Appendixes, Footnotes, Tables, Figure Captions, Figures II. Title Page K. Pagination The Title Page is page 1.L. Key Elements Paper title, author(s), author affiliation(s), and running head. M. Paper Title Uppercase and small letters, center on the page. N. Author(s) Uppercase and lowercase letters, revolve about on the line following the title. O. Institutional affiliation Uppercase and lowercase letters, centered on the line following the author(s). P. Running head The running head is typed flush left (all uppercase) following the words Running head on the line below the manuscript page header. It should not exceed 50 characters, including punctuation and spacing.The running head is a short title that appears at the top of pages of published articles. Q. Example of APA-formatted Title Pagehttp//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/titlepage. pdf III. Abstract The abstract is a one-paragraph, self-contained summary of the most importa nt elements of the paper. R. Pagination The abstract begins on a new page (page 2). S. objective Abstract (centered on the first line below the manuscript page header) T. Format The abstract (in block format) begins on the line following the Abstract heading. The abstract should not exceed 120 words.All numbers in the abstract (except those beginning a sentence) should be typed as digits rather than words. U. Example of APA-formatted Abstracthttp//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/abstract. pdf IV. Body V. Pagination The body of the paper begins on a new page (page 3). Subsections of the body of the paper do not begin on new pages. W. Title The title of the paper (in uppercase and lowercase letters) is centered on the first line below the manuscript page header. X. Introduction The introduction (which is not labeled) begins on the line following the paper title.Y. Headings Headings are used to organize the document and reflect the relative importance of sections. For exam ple, many empirical research articles utilize Method, Results, Discussion, and References headings. In turn, the Method section often has subheadings of Participants, Apparatus, and Procedure. For an example of APA-formatted headings, go to http//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/headings. pdf 1. Main headings (when the paper has either one or two levels of headings) use centered uppercase and lowercase letters (e. g. , Method, Results, Discussion, nd References). 2. Subheadings (when the paper has two levels of headings) are italicized and use flush left, uppercase and lowercase letters (e. g. , Participants, Apparatus, and Procedure as subsections of the Method section). V. Text citations Source material must be documented in the body of the paper by citing the author(s) and date(s) of the sources. The underlying principle is that ideas and words of others must be formally acknowledged. The reader can obtain the full source citation from the list of references that follo ws the body of the paper.Z. When the names of the authors of a source are part of the formal structure of the sentence, the year of publication appears in parentheses following the identification of the authors. delve the following example Wirth and Mitchell (1994) found that although there was a reduction in insulin dosage over a period of two weeks in the treatment condition compared to the control condition, the difference was not statistically significant. Noteand is used when multiple authors are identified as part of the formal structure of the sentence.Compare this to the example in the following section. . When the authors of a source are not part of the formal structure of the sentence, both the authors and year of publication appear in parentheses. visualise the following example Reviews of research on religion and health have concluded that at least some types of religious behaviors are related to higher(prenominal)(prenominal) levels of physical and mental health (Gar tner, Larson, & Allen, 1991 Koenig, 1990 Levin & Vanderpool, 1991 Maton & Pargament, 1987 Paloma & Pendleton, 1991 Payne, Bergin, Bielema, & Jenkins, 1991). Note& is used when multiple authors are identified in parenthetical material. Note also that when several sources are cited parenthetically, they are ordered alphabetically by first authors surnames and separated by semicolons. . When a source that has two authors is cited, both authors are included every time the source is cited. . When a source that has three, four, or five authors is cited, all authors are included the first time the source is cited. When that source is cited again, the first authors surname and et al. are used. Consider the following example Reviews of research on religion and health have concluded that at least some types of religious behaviors are related to higher levels of physical and mental health (Payne, Bergin, Bielema, & Jenkins, 1991). Payne et al. (1991) showed that . When a source that has six or more authors is cited, the first authors surname and et al. are used every time the source is cited (including the first time). _. Every effort should be made to cite only sources that you have actually read.When it is necessary to cite a source that you have not read (Grayson in the following example) that is cited in a source that you have read (Murzynski & Degelman in the following example), use the following format for the text citation and list only the source you have read in the References list Grayson (as cited in Murzynski Degelman, 1996) identified four components of body language that were related to judgments of vulnerability. . To cite a personal communication (including letters, emails, and telephone interviews), include initials, surname, and as exact a date as possible.Because a personal communication is not recoverable information, it is not included in the References section. For the text citation, use the following format B. F. Skinner (personal communication , February 12, 1978) claimed a. To cite a Web document, use the author-date format. If no author is identified, use the first few words of the title in place of the author. If no date is provided, use n. d. in place of the date. Consider the following examples Degelman and Harris (2000) provide guidelines for the use of APA writing style.Changes in Americans views of gender status differences have been documented (Gender and Society, n. d. ). b. To cite the Bible, provide the book, chapter, and verse. The first time the Bible is cited in the text, identify the version used. Consider the following example You are forgiving and good, O Lord, abounding in love to all who call to you (Psalm 865, New International Version). Note No entry in the References list is needed for the Bible. VI. Quotations When a direct quotation is used, always include the author, year, and page number as part of the citation. c.A quotation of fewer than 40 words should be enclosed in double quotation marks and should be incorporated into the formal structure of the sentence. Example Patients receiving prayer had less congestive stub failure, required less diuretic and antibiotic therapy, had fewer episodes of pneumonia, had fewer cardiac arrests, and were less frequently intubated and ventilated (Byrd, 1988, p. 829). d. A lengthier quotation of 40 or more words should appear (without quotation marks) apart from the surrounding text, in block format, with each line indented five spaces from the left margin.VII. References All sources included in the References section must be cited in the body of the paper (and all sources cited in the paper must be included in the References section). e. Pagination The References section begins on a new page. f. Heading References (centered on the first line below the manuscript page header) g. Format The references (with hanging indent) begin on the line following the References heading. Entries are organized alphabetically by surnames of first aut hors. Most reference entries have three components 3.Authors Authors are listed in the same order as undertake in the source, using surnames and initials. Commas separate all authors. When there are seven or more authors, list the first six and then use et al. for remain authors. If no author is identified, the title of the document begins the reference. 4. Year of Publication In parentheses following authors, with a period following the closing parenthesis. If no publication date is identified, use n. d. in parentheses following the authors. 5. Source Reference Includes title, journal, volume, pages (for journal article) or title, city of publication, publisher (for book).Italicize titles of books, titles of periodicals, and periodical volume numbers. h. Example of APA-formatted References Go to http//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/references. pdf i. positive APA Electronic Reference Formats document Go to http//www. apastyle. org/elecref. html j. Examples of sour ces 6. Journal article Murzynski, J. , & Degelman, D. (1996). Body language of women and judgments of vulnerability to sexual assault. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 1617-1626. 7. Book Paloutzian, R. F. (1996). Invitation to the psychology of religion (2nd ed. ). Boston Allyn and Bacon. 8.Web document on university program or department Web site Degelman, D. , & Harris, M. L. (2000). APA style essentials. Retrieved May 18, 2000, from Vanguard University, Department of Psychology Web site http//www. vanguard. edu/faculty/ddegelman/index. aspx? doc_id=796 9. Stand-alone Web document (no date) Nielsen, M. E. (n. d. ). Notable people in psychology of religion. Retrieved August 3, 2001, from http//www. psywww. com/psyrelig/psyrelpr. htm 10. Stand-alone Web document (no author, no date) Gender and society. (n. d. ). Retrieved December 3, 2001, from http//www. trinity. edu/mkearl/gender. html 11.Journal article from database Hien, D. , & Honeyman, T. (2000). A closer look at the drug abuse-maternal aggression link. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 503-522. Retrieved May 20, 2000, from ProQuest database. 12. Abstract from substitute database Garrity, K. , & Degelman, D. (1990). Effect of server introduction on restaurant tipping. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 168-172. Abstract retrieved July 23, 2001, from PsycINFO database. 13. Journal article, Internet-only journal Bergen, D. (2002, Spring). The role of pretend play in childrens cognitive development. Early Childhood Research Practice, 4(1).Retrieved February 1, 2004, from http//ecrp. uiuc. edu/v4n1/bergen. html 14. Article or chapter in an edited book Shea, J. D. (1992). Religion and sexual adjustment. In J. F. Schumaker (Ed. ), Religion and mental health (pp. 70-84). New York Oxford University Press. 15. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed. , text revision). Washi ngton, DC Author. VIII. Appendixes A common use of appendixes is to present unpublished tests or to describe complex equipment or stimulus materials. k.Pagination Each Appendix begins on a separate page. l. HeadingIf there is only one appendix, Appendix is centered on the first line below the manuscript page header. If there is more than one appendix, use Appendix A (or B or C, etc. ). Double-space and type the appendix title (centered in uppercase and lowercase letters). m. Format Indent the first line 5-7 spaces. n. Example of APA-formatted Appendixhttp//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/appendix. pdf IX. Footnotes Content footnotes are occasionally used to support substantive information in the text.. o. Pagination Footnotes begin on a separate page. . Heading Footnotes is centered on the first line below the manuscript page header. q. Format Indent the first line of each footnote 5-7 spaces and number the foonotes (slightly above the line) as they are identified in the text. r. Example of APA-formatted Footnoteshttp//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/footnote. pdf X. Tables A common use of tables is to present quantitative data or the results of statistical analyses (such as ANOVA). See the Publication Manual (2001, pp. 147-176) for detailed examples. Tables must be referred to in the text. s. Pagination Each Table begins on a separate page. . HeadingTable 1 (or 2 or 3, etc. ) is typed flush left on the first line below the manuscript page header. Double-space and type the table title flush left (italicized in uppercase and lowercase letters). u. Example of APA-formatted Tableshttp//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/table2. pdf XI. Figure Captions and Figures A common use of Figures is to present graphs, photographs, or other illustrations (other than tables). See the Publication Manual (2001, pp. 176-201) for detailed examples. Figure Captions provide, on a single page, captions for the figures that follow. v.Pagination The F igure Captions page is the final numbered page of the paper. The Figures that follow the Figure Captions page do NOT have page numbers or manuscript page headers. w. Heading for Figure Captions Figure Caption(s) is centered on the first line below the manuscript page header. Double-space and type Figure 1. (or 2 or 3, etc. ) italicized and flush left, followed by the caption for the figure (not italicized), capitalizing only the first letter of the first word and any proper nouns. x. Example of APA-formatted Figure Caption and Figurehttp//www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/Faculty/DDegelman/psychfigure. pdf